VIDEO

VIDEO

Invisible Light Show

Invisible Light Show

Explore the hidden world of biofluorescence and bioluminescence with marine biologist David Gruber as he explores an underwater world of light using state of the art cameras. This segment highlights what biofluorescence and bioluminescence are, how they work, and what they can be used for.

Grades

5 - 12

Subjects

Biology, Ecology

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Transcript (English)

- One of the things that I guess I learned early is that scuba diving at night was just phenomenal. Not many people go in the ocean at night, and for me, the ocean at night just transforms into this whole other universe.

- [Narrator] David Gruber is working just off the coast of the Solomon Islands, and he's searching for something usually invisible to the human eye: a spectacular light show, only seen by marine life.

- [David] I wanted to be able to photograph the ocean in the same way that the fish would be seeing it, so we began developing lights that would mimic the exact spectra of the sea water, and we began putting filters in front of the camera that would enable them to see this hidden universe of fluorescence.

- [Narrator] Biofluorescence acts like luminous paint, glowing under a black light. Many underwater animals are able to absorb light waves from the blue ocean and transform them into neon greens, oranges, and reds.

- [David] Once we see the world from the perspective of these animals, everything changes. We see new things, things we hadn't known because we hadn't yet taken on the effort to embody this animal, become a turtle, and see the world as a turtle sees it. We set out just looking for this one fish, and in the process, we discovered 20 other. Looking at these animals, looking at the diversity, the weird forms, the adaptions, its artwork.

- [Narrator] And biofluorescence isn't the only light found deep beneath the waves. There are also bioluminescent creatures as well. This occurs when light is produced by a chemical reaction within a living organism. Most bioluminescent organisms are found in the ocean, where they provide almost all the light in the deep sea environment.

- [David] Once we get down to these places where the sun never reaches, seven out of 10 animals have the ability to make their own light. At least seven outta 10. Everybody has got this ability to blink, flash, bleep. It's like Times Square down there in terms of animals producing their own light.

- [Narrator] Both bioluminescence and biofluorescence help species attract prey, defend against predators, and even reproduce.

- This is one of the ways in which they could signal and find mates, and you could put on a species-specific display.

- [Narrator] And luminous organisms aren't only limited to the seas. Some are found on land, like fireflies and even types of millipedes. David is looking for ways that bioluminescence and biofluorescence could possibly be used to help humans.

- [David] Some of these marine organisms make these genes that we don't make, but we could quickly take those genes, put them inside of other genes, and then study them, and it allows us to then illuminate the insides of human cells.

- [Narrator] Scientists have already inserted proteins from luminous jellyfish cells into human cancer cells to track them in real time, and by discovering more species, who knows what other bright ideas could come from these natural lights?

- [David] There's so many species to be discovered. There's so many facets of life that we have yet to even learn about. This fluorescence is just one example. It is my hope that by documenting different life forms and then sharing that with people, they'll feel more connected to life. They'll wanna protect it more.

Transcripción (Español)

- Una de las cosas que supongo aprendí al principio es que bucear de noche era fenomenal. No muchas personas van al océano de noche. Para mí, el océano de noche se transforma en un universo completamente diferente.

- [Narradora] David Gruber está trabajando frente a la costa de las Islas Salomón, y está buscando algo que generalmente es invisible para el ojo humano: un espectáculo de luces espectacular, que solo lo ve la vida marina.

- [David] Quería poder fotografiar el océano de la misma manera que los peces lo verían, así que comenzamos a desarrollar luces que imitarían el espectro exacto del agua de mar y comenzamos a poner filtros a las cámaras que les permitirían ver este universo oculto de fluorescencia.

- [Narradora] La biofluorescencia actúa como pintura luminosa, brillando bajo una luz negra. Muchos animales submarinos pueden absorber ondas de luz del océano azul y transformarlas en verdes, naranjas y rojos neón.

- [David] Una vez que vemos el mundo desde la perspectiva de estos animales, todo cambia. Vemos cosas nuevas, cosas que no conocíamos porque aún no habíamos hecho el esfuerzo de encarnar a este animal; convertirnos en una tortuga y ver el mundo como lo ve una tortuga. Salimos solo buscando este pez, y en el proceso, descubrimos otros 20. Al ver a estos animales, observamos la diversidad, las formas extrañas, las adaptaciones, su arte.

- [Narradora] Y la biofluorescencia no es la única luz que se encuentra en las profundidades del océano, también hay criaturas bioluminiscentes. BIOLUMINISCENCIA CUANDO LOS ORGANISMOS PRODUCEN SU PROPIA LUZ QUÍMICAMENTE Esto ocurre cuando se produce luz por una reacción química dentro de un organismo vivo. La mayoría de los organismos bioluminiscentes se encuentran en el océano, donde proporcionan casi toda la luz en el mar profundo.

- [David] Una vez que llegamos a estos lugares donde el sol nunca llega, siete de cada 10 animales tienen la capacidad de crear su propia luz. Al menos siete de cada 10. Todos tienen la habilidad de hacer parpadear, destellar o emitir señales. Es como Times Square allá abajo, pero los animales producen su propia luz.

- [Narradora] Tanto la bioluminiscencia como la biofluorescencia ayudan a las especies a atraer presas, defenderse de los depredadores e incluso reproducirse.

- Esta es una de las formas en las que podrían señalizar y encontrar parejas. Podrías hacer una exhibición con una sola especie.

- [Narradora] Y los organismos luminosos no están limitados solo a los mares. Algunos se encuentran en tierra, como las luciérnagas e incluso algunas especies de milpiés. David busca formas en que la bioluminiscencia y la biofluorescencia podrían usarse para ayudar a los humanos.

- [David] Algunos de estos organismos marinos producen genes que nosotros no producimos. Pero podríamos tomar esos genes, ponerlos dentro de otros genes y luego estudiarlos. Eso nos permitiría iluminar el interior de las células humanas.

- [Narradora] Los científicos ya han insertado proteínas de células de medusas luminosas en células cancerosas humanas para rastrearlas en tiempo real. Y si descubrimos más especies, quién sabe qué otras ideas brillantes podrían surgir de estas luces naturales.

- [David] Hay tantas especies por descubrir. Hay tantas facetas de la vida que aún tenemos por ver. Esta fluorescencia es solo un ejemplo. Espero que, al documentar estas formas de vida y luego compartirlas con la gente, se sientan más conectados con la vida. Querrán protegerla más. PARA RED ROCK KIDS PARA LA NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY

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Web Producer
Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society, National Geographic Society
other
Last Updated

May 22, 2025

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