The world’s population exceeded 8 billion people in 2022, according to the United Nations (UN). Approximately 55 percent of Earth’s human population currently lives in areas classified as urban. That number is expected to grow by 2050 to 68 percent, according to the UN.

The largest cities in the world include Tōkyō, Japan; New Delhi, India; Shanghai, China; México City, Mexico; and São Paulo, Brazil. Each of these cities classifies as a megacity, a city with more than 10 million people living there. The UN estimates the world will have 43 megacities by 2030.

Most cities' populations are growing as people move in for greater economic, educational and healthcare opportunities. But not all cities are expanding. Those cities whose populations are declining may be experiencing lower fertility rates (the number of births is lower than the number of deaths), shrinking economies, emigration, or have experienced a natural disaster that resulted in fatalities or forced people to leave the region.

This Global Cities map layer contains data published in 2018 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). It shows urban agglomerations. The UN DESA defines an urban agglomeration as a continuous area where the population is classified at urban levels (by the country in which the city resides) regardless of what local government systems manage the area. Since not all places record data the same way, some populations may be calculated using the city population as defined by its boundary and the metropolitan area. If a reliable estimate for the urban agglomeration was unable to be determined the population of the city or metropolitan area is used.