VIDEO

VIDEO

Moon 101

Moon 101

What is the moon made of, and how did it form? Learn about the moon's violent origins, how its phases shaped the earliest calendars, and how humans first explored Earth's only natural satellite half a century ago.

Grades

5 - 12+

Subjects

Earth Science, Astronomy

Transcript (English)

- [Narrator] Over 150 moons orbit the solar system's planets, and one of those moons calls Earth home.

The moon was formed about 4.5 billion years ago when according to one theory, the Earth slammed into another early planet. Debris from this collision began to orbit Earth and accumulated, forming today's moon. The moon is the fifth largest natural satellite in the solar system with a diameter just under the width of China. It's composed of an iron-rich core, plus a mantle and crust containing minerals made of magnesium, oxygen, and silicon.

The moon's surface was once geologically active and covered in an ocean of magma. But today, apart from traces of water ice, the surface is completely covered in dust and rocky debris. Countless craters dot the moon's surface, each formed by objects, such as meteoroids, comets, and asteroids, crashing onto the moon. The largest crater, the South Pole-Aitken Basin, spans across a quarter of the moon's surface and is nearly deep enough to fit Mount Everest inside.

The moon orbits our planet at an average distance of 30 Earths. It rotates at the same rate that it revolves, so as it revolves around our planet, the same side of the moon faces the Earth at all times. From the Earth's surface, we can observe eight distinct, traditionally recognized stages of the moon's illumination. Called lunar phases, they have been observed for thousands of years and even provided the basis for the earliest calendars. For most of human history, the moon could only be studied from afar. But on July 20th, 1969, humans were able to close that distance with the American space flight mission Apollo 11.

- [Neil] That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

- [Narrator] It placed humans on the moon for the very first time, bringing our understanding of Earth's only natural satellite one step closer.

Transcripción (Español)

- [Narradora] Más de 150 lunas orbitan los planetas del sistema solar, y una de esas lunas llama a la Tierra hogar.

La Luna se formó hace unos 4,5 mil millones de años cuando, según una teoría, la Tierra chocó con otro planeta primitivo. Los restos de esta colisión comenzaron a orbitar la Tierra y se acumularon, formando la Luna de hoy. La Luna es el quinto satélite natural más grande en el sistema solar, con un diámetro justo por debajo del ancho de China. Está compuesta por un núcleo rico en hierro, más un manto y corteza que contienen minerales hechos de magnesio, oxígeno y silicio.

La superficie de la Luna alguna vez fue geológicamente activa y estaba cubierta por un océano de magma. Pero hoy, aparte de rastros de hielo, la superficie está completamente cubierta de polvo y escombros rocosos. Innumerables cráteres salpican la superficie de la Luna, cada uno formado por objetos, como meteoroides, cometas y asteroides, al estrellarse contra la Luna. El cráter más grande, la Cuenca Aitken en el Polo Sur, se extiende a lo largo de un cuarto de la superficie lunar y es casi lo suficientemente profundo como para que el Monte Everest quepa en su interior.

La Luna orbita nuestro planeta a una distancia promedio de 30 Tierras. Rota al mismo ritmo que se desplaza, por lo que mientras gira en torno a nuestro planeta, la Luna siempre nos muestra la misma cara. Desde la superficie de la Tierra, podemos observar ocho etapas distintas, tradicionalmente reconocidas, de la iluminación de la Luna. Llamadas fases lunares, han sido observadas durante miles de años, e incluso fueron la base de los primeros calendarios. Durante la mayor parte de la historia humana, la Luna solo podía ser estudiada desde lejos. Pero el 20 de julio de 1969, los humanos pudieron acortar esa distancia con la misión espacial estadounidense Apolo 11.

- [Neil] Este es un pequeño paso para un hombre, pero un gran salto para la humanidad.

- [Narradora] Colocó a los humanos en la Luna por primera vez, trayendo así nuestra comprensión del único satélite natural de la Tierra un paso más cerca.

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Web Producer
Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society, National Geographic Society
other
Last Updated

May 22, 2024

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