Spartacus was born in Thrace, an area where the modern-day Balkans states, including Turkey, Bulgaria, and Greece, are located. Though little is known about Spartacus’ early life, historians believe he may once have served in the Roman army.

Spartacus was sold into slavery, perhaps due to rebellion against or desertion from the army. He was sent to the gladiatorial training school in Capua in 73 B.C.E. Soon after, he escaped with about 70 other gladiators and gathered his followers on nearby Mount Vesuvius. Gradually, more escaped slaves joined their ranks. It is estimated that there were 90,000 to 100,000 men in all. Together they used guerrilla tactics to fight off Roman attacks.

After about a year, the group mobilized and started traveling throughout the Roman Empire. They marched as far north as Gaul (modern-day France). Rome initially considered the revolt a nuisance. With each of Spartacus’ victories, however, Roman leaders started to take the group more seriously. In 71 B.C.E., General Marcus Licinius Crassus defeated the rebel army at Lucania, about 56 kilometers (35 miles) southeast of Naples. Spartacus was believed to have died in this battle. Around 6,000 men survived the battle but were later captured and crucified by the Roman army.

Spartacus has long served as an inspiration to those seeking to revolt against oppressive rule. He was considered a brave and able leader who fought against tremendous odds with remarkable success.