VIDEO

VIDEO

Tales of a Tail-feather

Tales of a Tail-feather

Students watch a video of Kristen Ruegg describing her research on migratory birds. After doing their own research on bird migration, students construct an argument using a claim-evidence-reasoning framework to protect migratory birds’ stopover regions.

Grades

5 - 12+

Subjects

Biology, Ecology

Made Possible By
Lockheed Martin
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Idea for Use in the Classroom

Human population growth has led to increasing agricultural and urban development. For example, buildings are now taller and more numerous in cities, and is removing large areas of trees in forests. These changes in the ecosystem make the resources that birds rely on, such as food, shelter, and water, harder to come by. When these changes are made in migratory birds’ stopover regions, it can be devastating to the bird population.

Kickoff a discussion of birds and by asking students, Why would a migrating bird need to make any stops during their long journey? (possible answers: to rest, eat and refuel, and weather out storms) As a class, discuss how these stopover points are critical for birds’ migratory success. Connect to the video by having students identify areas of migration, types of migrating birds, and issues with migrations. Have students read the encyclopedic entry on migration to deepen their understanding of why animals migrate.

Have students construct an oral or written supported by and scientific reasoning to support a solution to reduce the destruction of stopover regions for one type of migratory bird.

Have students work in groups to come up with an argument using the following structure:

  • : a one-sentence answer to the question “Why should we try to protect migratory birds’ stopover regions?”
  • Evidence: scientific data used to support the claim (this could come from a text, from Kristen Ruegg’s video, or from additional resources)
  • Reasoning: uses scientific ideas to explain how or why the data counts as evidence to support the claim

Transcript (English)

- My relationship to the natural world was largely fostered through my grandparents who owned a farm in Idaho. We would go there every summer and we were free to roam and play in the forest and hang out, but I still didn't necessarily think I wanted to be a scientist. It wasn't until I got to understand the creative part of science that it wasn't just about memorizing like facts in a textbook. That's what really made me realize, oh wait, actually this is a creative process and I love it. My name is Kristen Ruegg. I am an Assistant Professor at Colorado State University and I am the co-Director of a project called the Bird Genoscape Project. The goal of the Bird Genoscape Project is to track hundreds of the most critically threatened birds. All kinds of birds are part of this project from tiny songbirds like the Willow Flycatcher to my favorite, the charismatic burrowing owls. I think it's amazing that over half of the birds that are in North America actually leave during the winter months and go somewhere else and spend, you know, the majority of the year, actually not here. Birds migrate south in the winter in search of better weather and more food, and they migrate back north in the spring in search of better habitat for breeding. The main mystery with birds is where do birds migrate? The ability to track migratory birds has been a huge challenge for centuries. One of the challenges is there are tracking devices, but there usually not small enough to be able to put on a migratory bird. So our thought was, well, if we could develop a technology that could use information within a single feather like information in the DNA of the bird to track the migratory movements, then we could get information from every bird that comes through a monitoring station. If I wanted to understand where my ancestors were from, I might take a DNA sample from me and send it off to a genetic ancestry service. They would compare my DNA against this huge database of DNA from many, many other people and be able to identify that my most likely ancestry is largely Norwegian. In a sense, that's what we're doing with the DNA found in a single bird feather. It's like genetic ancestry mapping for birds. So here we have an American robin, one of our Genoscape species. This robin- Yes, I see you. This robin migrates from the Boreal forest in Canada and parts of the US and goes as far south in the winter as Mexico. And we also collect the feathers, the tail feathers that we use for genetic analysis. The reason why we collect these feathers is because we can use the tip of the feather right here, which contains a little bit of DNA to tell you which migratory pathway this bird took and where it winters and breeds. So what you have displayed here is the map for the Wilson's warbler showing the location of the six populations. Each one goes to a different wintering area. For example, the Rocky Mountain population heads all the way down to El Salvador and Panama. Using their DNA, we can follow their migratory journey. All we need is DNA from the tip of a feather. Now that the Bird Genoscape Project is helping us understand where and how birds move throughout the year, we can figure out the best ways to help them survive in a changing world. Uncovering the mysteries of bird migration may be the key to protecting them.

Transcripción (Español)

- EXPLORADORES EN EL CAMPO.

- Mi relación con el mundo natural fue fomentada en gran medida a través de mis abuelos, que tenían una granja en Idaho. Íbamos allí cada verano y éramos libres de explorar y jugar en el bosque y pasar el rato. Pero aún no necesariamente pensaba que quería ser científica. No fue hasta que entendí la parte creativa de la ciencia, que no se trataba solo de memorizar como hechos en un libro de texto. Eso fue lo que realmente me hizo darme cuenta, oh, espera, en realidad, este es un proceso creativo y me encanta. Mi nombre es Kristen Ruegg. Soy profesora asistente en la Universidad Estatal de Colorado y soy la codirectora de un proyecto llamado el Proyecto Genoscape de Aves. El objetivo del Proyecto Genoscape de Aves es rastrear cientos de las aves más críticamente amenazadas. Todo tipo de aves son parte de este proyecto, desde pequeños pájaros cantores como el mosquero saucero hasta mi favorito, los carismáticos búhos excavadores. Creo que es asombroso que más de la mitad de las aves que están en América del Norte en realidad se van durante los meses de invierno y van a otro lugar y pasan, ya sabes, la mayor parte del año en realidad no aquí. Las aves migran al sur en el invierno en busca de mejor clima y más comida, y migran de regreso al norte en la primavera en busca de un mejor hábitat para reproducirse. El principal misterio con las aves es ¿a dónde migran las aves? La capacidad de rastrear aves migratorias ha sido un gran desafío durante siglos. Uno de los desafíos es que hay dispositivos de rastreo, pero generalmente no son lo suficientemente pequeños como para poder ponerlos en un ave migratoria. Así que nuestro pensamiento fue, bueno, si pudiéramos desarrollar una tecnología que pudiera usar información dentro de una sola pluma, como la información en el ADN del ave, para rastrear los movimientos migratorios, entonces podríamos obtener información de cada ave que pase por una estación de monitoreo. Si quisiera entender de dónde eran mis antepasados, podría tomar una muestra de ADN de mí y enviarla a un servicio de ascendencia genética. Ellos compararían mi ADN con esta enorme base de datos de ADN de muchas, muchas otras personas y podrían identificar que mi ascendencia más probable es en gran parte noruega. En cierto sentido, eso es lo que estamos haciendo con el ADN encontrado en una sola pluma de ave. Es como un mapeo de ascendencia genética para aves. Así que aquí tenemos un petirrojo americano, una de nuestras especies de genoscape. Este petirrojo... Sí, te veo. Este petirrojo migra desde el bosque boreal en Canadá y partes de los EE. UU. y llega tan al sur en el invierno como México. Y también recolectamos las plumas, las plumas de la cola que usamos para el análisis genético. La razón por la que recolectamos estas plumas es porque podemos usar la punta de la pluma justo aquí, que contiene un poco de ADN, para decirte qué ruta migratoria tomó este ave y dónde inverna y se reproduce. Así que lo que tienes aquí es el mapa del chipe de Wilson, mostrando la ubicación de las seis poblaciones. Cada una va a una área de invernada diferente. Por ejemplo, la población de las Montañas Rocosas se dirige hasta El Salvador y Panamá. Usando su ADN, podemos seguir su viaje migratorio. Todo lo que necesitamos es ADN de la punta de una pluma. Ahora que el Proyecto Genoscape de Aves nos está ayudando a entender dónde y cómo se mueven las aves a lo largo del año, podemos determinar las mejores maneras de ayudarlas a sobrevivir en un mundo cambiante. Descubrir los misterios de la migración de las aves puede ser la clave para protegerlas.

Media Credits

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Writer
Heather J. Johnson, Vanderbilt University
Editor
Jeanna Sullivan, National Geographic Society
Educator Reviewers
Alexandra M. Silva, Science Educator, Peter Gruber International Academy, Virgin Islands 9-12 International Baccalaureate MYP Science, DP Biology, and DP Environmental Systems & Societies MEd Instructional Leadership: Science Education; MS Ecology & Evolution
Program Specialist
Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society, National Geographic Society
other
Last Updated

January 12, 2026

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